Asmaa Morjan, Manzama-Esso Kassang Konzi, Lhoussine Balouch, and Youssef Bamou
This case study evaluates the role of hemoglobin electrophoresis in assessing graft engraftment after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HbAA donor in a patient with severe homozygous hemoglobin S disease. Longitudinal monitoring showed a marked reduction in hemoglobin S from 80.4% before transplantation to 4.9% eight weeks afterwards, together with mixed chimerism of 58.74% and near-complete clinical remission. The findings indicate that, in the absence of post-transplant red blood cell transfusions, peripheral blood HbS quantification by hemoglobin electrophoresis remains a reliable tool for monitoring engraftment and detecting possible graft rejection in HbSS recipients.